Review by Eleanor J. Bader
According to acclaimed Harvard professor, Howard Gardner, “There is in the United States (and likely elsewhere) an enormous desire to make education uniform, to treat all students in the same way, and to apply the same kinds of one-dimensional metrics to all. This trend is inappropriate on scientific grounds and distasteful on ethical grounds.”
In fact, Gardner writes that by ignoring the “multiple intelligences” of each individual, school systems fail to recognize that people learn in different ways. This not only stifles creativity, but fails to build on student strengths, inclinations, and talents.
Small wonder that so many children hate school.
But alternatives exist. In place of rigid classes where standardized testing is routine, Gardner suggests apprenticeships and project-based learning as a hands-on supplement to didactic instruction. This, he argues, builds on the differing forms of intelligence exhibited by students and allows them to find their footing in whichever intelligence sphere is dominant, whether bodily-kinetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, linguistic, logical, musical, naturalist, or spatial.
Unsurprisingly, Gardner’s definition of intelligence is broad and encompasses “the ability to solve problems and to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural settings. ” And while he recognizes that the ability to read, write, and calculate remains imperative – and requires rote lessons – he stresses that the time spent on standardized test preparation is ill-spent. Instead, he writes, when teachers know their students, they can easily evaluate progress as part of their daily interactions.
This makes good sense.
Likewise, the 29 essays in The Essential Howard Gardner on Education argue for “individual-centered schools” that allow kids to develop by utilizing their natural affinities. It’s a persuasive, if lofty, vision centered on respect for, and nurturance of, children and the adults they’ll become. Both students and teachers would be better served if schools heeded his wisdom.
The Essential Howard Gardner on Education by Howard Gardner. Teacher’s College Press, May 2024.
Reviewer bio: Eleanor J. Bader is a Brooklyn, NY-based journalist who writes about books and domestic social issues for Truthout, Rain Taxi, The Progressive, Ms. Magazine, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and The Indypendent.